北 京 四 中

稿:赵克险   稿:李俊和   :

Unit 3  Art and architecture

  一、 重点词汇
  1.in a hurry     匆忙,很快地
  2.glance at     扫视
  3.take examples   举例子
  4.act as       扮演;担当;充当
  5.fill up with    用……装满
  6.join…to…     把……和……连接在一起
  7.set aside     把……置于一旁;留出
  8.stand       忍受;承担
  10.impress      给……极深的印象
  11.branch      树枝;支流;分支机构
  12.aid        援助;救助;支持;辅助手段
  13.stick       棍;棒;手杖;伸出;突出

  二、 课文精讲
  1. Well, modern flats are all the same.
  嗯,现代化公寓都是一样的。

  all做代词,在句中用作modern flats的同位语。如:
  We are all students.
  我们都是学生。
  They all study hard.
  他们都努力学习。
  You have all done very well.你们都已做得很好。

  与all用法类似的不定代词还有both, each等,在句中做同位语时语序与all也一样:放在be动词后面,行为动词前面。当谓语有两个或几个部分构成时,不定代词放在第一个助动词后面。

  2.Viewed form the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
  从顶部看去,体育馆好像被灰色的钢网所罩住,看上去就像树枝形成的鸟巢。

  viewed from the top是过去分词做状语,表示时间或条件,意为“从顶部望去”。如:
  Seen from space, the earth looks just like a big water-covered globe.
  从太空上看,地球像一个被水覆盖的大球体。
  Given more water, the trees will grow better.
  如果多浇水的话,这些树就会长得好些。

  过去分词和现在分词都可用作状语,表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。在句中的两种分词都可用作表语、定语、宾补和状语。

  3.They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs and twenty-foot high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture form the same period.
  它们用小圆窗装点,这能使你联想到轮船,穹顶和高20英寸的玻璃墙,使它们与同时期的建筑相比别具风格。

  remind sb. of sth./sb.表示“使某人想起某物/人”,除此之外remind sb. to do 表示“提醒某人做某事”。如:
  That suddenly reminded her that she had promised to ring them up.
  这突然使她想起,她说过要给他们打电话的。
  We write to remind you to send us your samples.
  我们来信是为了提醒你们把货样寄来。

  When compared with要看成when they are compared with的省略形式,充当时间状语。when 和while引导时间状语时,如从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,常用when/while +现在分词短语、过去分词短语、形容词、
名词、介词短语等结构来代替。如:
  You must be careful when you cross the street. (=You must be careful when crossing the street.)
  过街时要小心。

  三、 词语辨析
  1.living, alive
  二者均意思为“活着的”,均可作定语和表语,但是alive用作定语时后置。
  all the living people, all the people alive
  I’m living. (强调活着这个状态)
  I’m alive. (强调大难不死还活着)

  2.in the past, in the past 5 years
  in the past用于一般过去时,而in the past加一段时间用于现在完成时。如:
  Trees were planted in the past.
  Trees have been planted in the past 5 years.

  3.divide, separate
  divide侧重强调把一个整体分成几部分,而separate侧重强调把连在一块的个体分开。如:
  Let’s divide the class into five groups.
  让我们把班级分成五个组。
  It’s hard for me to separate the two fighting boys.
  我很难把这两个打架的孩子分开。

  4.roof, ceiling
  roof意思为“屋顶,房顶(在外部)”,ceiling意思为“天花板(在内部)”。
  I looked up at the paintings on the ceiling of the room.
  我抬头看看天花板上的画。
  I climbed onto the roof of the house to catch the cat.
  我爬上房顶追那只猫。

  四、 语法讲解
  本单元的语法重点是分词作宾语补足语。
  现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。主要有两种用法。
  1)在see, watch, notice, hear等感官动词后作宾语补足语。
  在感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,现在分词所表示的动作是正在进行中的,宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动的关系,翻译成“看见/听见……正在……”;过去分词所表示的动作是已经完成了的,且宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系是被动的,翻译成“看见/听见……被……”。试比较:
  I saw her coming across the street.
  我看见她正在过马路。
  I saw her knocked down by a car.
  我看见她被一辆车撞倒了。
  He heard her calling his name.
  他听见她正在喊她的名字。
  He heard his name called.
  他听见有人在叫他的名字。(听见名字被别人叫)

  2)在have, get等使役动词后面作宾语补足语。
  在使役动词后面作宾语补足语时,现在分词表示宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动的关系,翻译成“使……做……”;过去分词表示宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系是被动的,翻译成“使……被……”。如:
  The teacher had us doing exercises all the afternoon.
  老师让我们做了一下午练习。
  He had his room painted blue.
  他把屋子刷成了蓝色。
  The lecture soon got us thinking.
  这个讲座使我们有了很多想法。
  You should get your son examined.
  你应该让孩子去检查一下。

  五、 练习检测与解析
  1.Rather than _____ TV, he prefers _____ some reading.
  A. to watch; to do       B. to watch; doing
  C. watch; to do         D. watching; watching

  2.I’d rather _____ at home than _____ a film.
  A. stay; see         B. to stay; to see
  C. staying; seeing      D. stay; to see

  3.Great changes _____ in China in the past twenty years.
  A. have taken place       B. took place
  C. have been taken place    D. were taken place

  4.He found his money _____ when he was going to pay the bill.
  A. picked       B. robbed
  C. missed        D. stolen

  5._____ his illness, he continued to work hard.
  A. In spite        B. No matter    
  C. Despite        D. He didn’t consider

  6.The houses make you _____ to enter.
  A. feel inviting       B. feel invited
  C. to feel inviting      D. to feel invited

  7.The lock is _____ to the door.
  A. fitted        B. matched
  C. suited        D. put

  8.—What do you think of him?
   —Not good. He ____.
  A. is always speaking ill of others behind their backs
  B. always speaks ill of others behind their back
  C. always speaks sick of others behind their backs
  D. is always speaking ill of the others behind their back

  9.—Why are you crying?
   —Well, watching this program ____ me of the miserable days.
  A. tells        B. finds
  C. shares        D. reminds

  10.—Mum, why does his dad beat him?
    —Well, maybe it’s good ____ him. He will learn not to do it next time.
  A. for   B. with   C. of   ?D. about

  解析:
  1.选C。  prefer to do…rather than do表示“宁愿做某事,而不愿……”
  2.选A。  would rather do than do表示“宁愿……,而不愿……”。
  3.选A。  in the past twenty years要和现在完成时搭配;take place是不及物动词,不能用被动语态。
  4.选D。  stolen是过去分词作宾补,表示被动。
  5.选C。  despite是介词,表示“尽管”。
  6.选B。  make后面用动词原形作宾补;invited表示被动。
  7.选A。  fit表示“装配”。
  8.选A。  be always doing表示厌恶的感情;others表示泛指。
  9.选D。  remind…of…表示“使……想起”。
  10.选A。  be good for表示“对……有好处”。